# Strategies

Strategy_Decsription:
Lane shifts or closures (Lane width reductions)


Strategy_Decsription:
Lane shifts or closures (Reduced shoulder width)


Strategy_Decsription:
Lane shifts or closures (Shoulder closure)


Strategy_Decsription:
Lane shifts or closures (Lane shift to shoulder/median)


Strategy_Decsription:
Two-way traffic on one side divided facility (crossover)


Strategy_Decsription:
Flaggers and uniformed traffic control officers


Strategy_Decsription:
Other safety devices(see IIIC3, IIIC5, row contents refer to traffic screens)


Strategy_Decsription:
Project coordination (Coordination with other projects)

Sub_Stategy_Heading:
Proj. Coord., Contracting and Innov. Const. Strat.


Strategy_Decsription:
Coordination with other transportation infrastructure


Strategy_Decsription:
Innovative construction techniques (precast members, rapid cure materials)


Sub_Stategy_Heading:
Public Awareness Strategies
Public Aware. Strate


Strategy_Decsription:
Coordination with media/ schools/ business/ emergency services


Strategy_Decsription:
Work zone education and safety campaigns


Strategy_Decsription:
Visual information (Videos, slides, presentations) for meetings and web


Strategy_Decsription:
511 traveler information systems (wireless, handhelds)


Strategy_Decsription:
Speed limit reducton/variable speed limits


Strategy_Decsription:
Coordination with adjacent constructions site(s)


Sub_Stategy_Heading:
Incident Management and Enforcement Strategies


Strategy_Decsription:
Surveillance (Closed-Circuit Television(CCTV), loop detectors, lasers, probe vehicles)


Strategy_Decsription:
Increased penalties for work zone violations


# Strategy_Attrib_Table

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Less traffic impacts at each construction phase


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Maintain normal capacity during weekdays


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Maintain normal capacity during traffic peak times


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More efficient utilization of existing transportation facilities


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Close as necessary for construction purposes


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Construction duration can be reduced in conjuction with design build contracting approach


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Effective way to communicate real-time information to users


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Effective way to communicate real-time information to road users


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Assists motorists in navigating and merging through and around the work zone


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Helps to direct road users through the work zone


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Provides guidence and information for road users throught the work zone


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Help to alert road users to the presence of work operations


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Helps improve ramp and/or detour capacity


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Enhances visibility of devices and delineations in the work zone


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Effective way to separtate construction work and traffic


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Minimizes potential impacts on other transportation facilities


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Condensed format of brochures lends itself to brief, high impact messages


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Travelers at major activity centers can plan in advance to take alternate routes


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May reduce the number of fatalities and injuries in work zones


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Increases driver awareness to work zone safety concerns


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May reduce the number of vehicles traveling through the work zone


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Increases community awareness and understanding of the project


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Cost effective if it uses free publicity to inform


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Gives travelers advanced warning to plan for delays or alternate routes


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Single, centralized access point to information about project


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Provides commuters with up-to-date traffic/contruction alternative and demand management information


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Information can be posted for the construction season


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Single access point to find out all the information for a particular project


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Community and stakeholders can feel informed and involed in the project


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Can reach many commuters over a wide area


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Have access to real-time information on traffic and incidents and relay that to the traveling public through different media outlets


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Provides real time information to motorists


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Enhances safety by reducing speeding and speed variability


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Provides real-time information to motorists


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Provides helpful information to motorists in one place


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Provides motorists with real time information


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Provides useful information to freight stakeholders


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Shifts some demand from highway while it is under construction


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Reduce vehicle trips and traffic in the work zone


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Can be very cost-effective to commuters and the agency which implements


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Better roadway efficiency (move more people per lane)


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Maintains safe and smooth freeway operations


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Maintain safe and smooth freeway operations


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Simple, cost-effective solution for improving traffic flow through the detour


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Cost-effective / May improve traffic flow on the mainline


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Minimize the combined impacts on road users / Maintains system-wide mobility


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Improves throughput of roadway/Improves traffic flow


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Improves traffic flow through and near work zones


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Improves traffic flow and safety by minmizing traffic conflicts


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Improves passenger car flow through the work zone by removing trucks from the traffic stream


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Assists drivers in avoiding conflicts and potential crashes


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Improved worker and motorist safety due to trained and responsible persons in-charge


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Improved worker safety due to the clear understanding on safety procedures and specific risks associated with the project by all workers


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Provides an alert work force that is proactively weeding out safety problems


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Identifies and addresses potential safety deficiencies


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Enhanced safety to work zone personnel by the physical separation of the motorist from work zone


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Rapid and safe recognition of the traffic barrier system


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Alerts motorists about the presence of work zone


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Wakens dozing drivers, who are a major cause of roadway and work zone crashes


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Alerts motorists to critical information that can increase both the motorist and the worker safety


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Develops solutions to safety and traffic flow issues


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Provides motorist the means to reach help quickly


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Provides centralized coordination and management of incidents


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Proactive approach helps in having a readily available, well-thought out plan for detours when incidents happen


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Provides additional, dedicated personnel for incident management


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Provides a dedicated, responsible person for managing incidents and ensuring that traffic safety and mobility goals are met


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Enhances safety of motorists and workers


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Improve safety by promoting compliance with work zone regulations


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Effective in responding to incidents or breakdowns


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Reduces the time required to remove the incident from the roadway


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Provides road users with information to divert or take other appropriate measures in response to an incident


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Provides timely, real-time information to motorists


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Establishes procedures to be followed in the event of an incident


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Reduces mainline and crossroad traffic congestion


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Allows road users to adjust travel plans based on information


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Allows road users to adjust travel plansbased on information


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Effective method to alert motorists of lane closures


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Improves traffic flow through and near the work zone


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Minimizes impacts to potentially affected businesses and communities


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Brochures have a relatively long shelf life, which is useful for projects of long duration


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Encourages general safety when driving around work zones


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Gives travelers on the road advance warning of a work zone in order to plan for an alternate route


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Covers a large or multijuridictional area


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Opportunity to find out the information that stakeholders need


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Gives public advance warning to make decisions


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Promotes diversion of traffic to alternate routes when appropriate


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Convenient way to share information among stakeholders


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May reduce the number of vehiclestraveling through the work zone


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Controls entrance of vehicles to the roadway


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Decreases single occupancy vehicle use when implemented in conjuction with each other elements and incentives


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Controls vehicle merging at the approach


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Controls entry of vehicles to the roadway


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Can pave/repair the full width of the ramp / Easy to sign in rural areas


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Potential for cost savings to road users, community, and agency


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Improves driver safety by temporarily separating conflicting movements


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Improves driver guidence, creates safer operations, and minimize the impact on businesses created by construction activities and detours


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Improved worker and motorist safety due to proactive approach of identifying potential safety concerns


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Enhance motorist safety by physically separting traffic traveling in opposite directions


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Can provide additional space for the contractor to work


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Prevents vehicle intrusion into the work space


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Alerts motorists to change in traffic pattern


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Provides workers with the critical reaction time needed to move out of harms way


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Expedites response and clearance times for accidents and breakdowns


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Enhances safety and mobility by the use centralized approach


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Promotes compliance to speed limits and other traffic regulations without the presence of police


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Helps to direct appropriate response to address an incident


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Helpful in managing traffic records and subsequent analysis


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Allows for longer, more detailed messages regarding a work zone incident


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Helps to ensure the news media is able to convey factual information concerning incidents


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Allows wider work area or maintains capacity


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Guide road users through the work zone particularly during night and under adverse conditions


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Help travelers know what signs mean and what resources there are for advanced planning


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Reinforces public awareness of the project


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Traffic patterns may resume to normal patterns more quickly


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Improves safety by matching gaps between freeway and ramps


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Better, faster construction / Reduces crossroad congestion


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Addresses the need to maintain adequate capacity in the system


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Reduce traffic conflicts / Reduce duration of the work zone


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Improves worker safety by replacing flaggers with temporary signals


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Enhanced motorist safety by clearly delineating direction of travel


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Signifiacnatly enhances safety of both motorist and worker


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Contributes to saving both motorist and worker lives by providing quick, appropriate response from local incident response agencies


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Provides the motorist with location information critical for getting quick help


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Informs drivers of speed limit reductions and enforcement activities


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Provides advance guidence to motorist on incidents and incident management procedures


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Provides a single point of contact for design and construction issues


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Early project completion may result in significant cost savings


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Construction time can be reduced with additional contractor area


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Can provide work access within the work zone


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Evaluates the complete needs rather than individual work zones


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Improves driver safety by smoothing the flow through work zone bottlenecks


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Helps achieve re-routing of traffic from project location


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Quicken work zone activity by improving access


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Allows motorists to avoid hazards and delays, and respond to changing roadway conditions


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Allows motorists to avoid hazards and delays, and respond properly to changing roadway conditions


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Traffic patterns may resume to normal more quickly


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Additional cost to build alternate paths for pedestrians/bicyclists


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Increases cost to motorists(time and fuel)


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Additional cost to construct crossovers and separations between opposing traffic


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May significantly affect facility capacity


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Less safe due to lighting distraction, higher speeds, and increased driver impairment


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Errant vehicles are not prevented for intruding beyond these devices


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Visibility of the markings may be limited by weather conditions and debris


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Additional cost to set up and maintain screens


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May be difficult to identify potential projects to coordinate with


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Mat be difficult to identify potential projects to coordinate with


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May pay more for the actual construction


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More potential arguments for time extentions


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Information (e.g., dates of road closures) may change and not be reflected in the printed materials


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Highway signs should be maintained-if there is no work zone, signs should be taken down


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Cost of promotions and initial coordination effort


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Publicity needed for travelers to visit the website and view the visual information


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Additional cost of staffing and leasing office space


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Pre-recorded messages may not contain all the information that travelers need


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The website would need to be publicized for people to use


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Website would need to be maintained for effectiveness


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Stakeholder may feel frustrated if they not con considered


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Needs to be accurate information, otherwise the information is not credible


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May not be effective over long work zone length


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Additional cost of maintenance and operation


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Can be distracting to the driver if used on the road


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Additional cost of coordination and disseminating information to select groups


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Requires advance planning and coordination


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Effort to convince employers of the benefits


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Need many people participating in order for it to be cost effective


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Needs a high amount of similar origins and/ or incentives


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Existing lanes will need to be set aside or new lanes will need to be built


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Difficult to implement unless the responsible agency owns the lot and/or parking supply is limited


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Availability of dynamic message signs or other messages devices


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May result in ramp queue on local streets


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Can lead to potential downstream freeway bottleneck


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Potential impact to business and community access


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Cost of estimating new saturation flow rates and demand


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Provision of an alternate truck route and that does not adversely affect other traffic


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Requires additional signage/personnel to enforce truck lane


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Needs accurate and reliable information that is dependable


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Cost of safety training for all personnel


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Dissention amoung workers due to non-acceptance of award rulings


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Barrier system reduces saturation flow rates of travel lanes


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Enforcement is provided on an as-available basis as reimbursement of enforcment costs is generally not provided


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Political and legal privacy issues limit use of this strategy


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Cost of maintaining dedicated towing equipment and crew


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Accessibility to businesses and residences


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Increases cost to motorists (time and fuel)


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Need enough participation in order to make a difference


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Detectors may be difficult to maintain while the work zone is taking place


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Road users must have these personal devices


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Taking a lane for HOV is likely to be controversial


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May result in ramp queues on local streets


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Compliance with speed limit reductions is often poor


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Simultaneously closing of adjacent ramps cannot be accommodated


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Will need flaggers if parking is converted to travel lane


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Requires additional signage/personnel to enforce separate truck lane


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Rumble strips are not effective in urban settings and are not appropriate for residential areas because of the noise


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Can alarm the culprit motorist and also other adjacent vehicles


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Team dynamics where no one takes responsibility for a particular job


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Predicting and planning for potential incidents


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More often the helicopter is media controlled rather than controlled by the project or incident agency


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Not widely validated for effectiveness in incident investigation


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Scondary effect of diverting traffic to alternate routes


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Blocks traffic pattern and forces new traffic pattern


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Will need barricades if parking is closed, requiring additional setup time and cost


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Barrier could still be required for some drop-offs


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May have negative impact on local streets in high density locations


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Less width reductions may be needed if the shoulder has adequate width and structural adequacy


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In conjuction with lane shift to shoulder or median


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Flaggers or temporary/portable traffic signals are used to control traffic and minimize safety/delay


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Shoulders and/or lane width reductions may be used to maintain an adequate number of lanes


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In conjuction with accelerated construction/contracting techniques


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Where feasible to carry out work in nightly increments


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Used to supplement normal static work zone signs


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Used to supplement convetional traffic control devices


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Need to obliterate obsolete markings to minimize possibility of misleading road users


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Routine agency meetings may address coordination at the project level, corridor level, district region level, and at the state level


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Development of training, education, and auditing standards for utility work can futher minimize traffic impacts


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Considering right-of-way issues early in project development can minimize traffic impacts


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Used in conjuction with other elements in the TMP


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Requires advanced planning and coordination with these activity centers


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Supports public meetings, information center, or press releases


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For larger project, announcements may include project start ups, periodic progress reports, and major traffic patterns changes


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Advance planning prior to the start of costruction is essential to develop and schedule the needed advertisements


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If frequent lane and/or closures expected


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This website is usually done for the entire region or state


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Includes both static and/or real-time interactive information


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Best if developed early in planning for the project and continue meeting through design, contruction, and project assessment


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Information needs to be current/real-time


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General public awareness of 511 is needed


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Work with the freight community to find out what information would be helpful


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Needs to be supported by businesses and community


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In conjuction with transit service improvements


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Service would need to provide a benefit in terms of reduced travel time, travel and parking costs, etc., to attract users


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In conjuction with HOV bypass and ramp metering, express transit, park and other demand management strategies


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Limited parking supply and/ or in conjuction with other demand management strategies


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Additional enforcement and/ or increased penalties might be needed for motorist compliance of the reduced speed limits


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Potential impacts on local streets need to be considered before introducing ramp metering


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Downstream freeway volumes must be evaluated before suspending ramp metering


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It might affect motorist mobility adversly


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Requires understanding on traffic dynamics of the specific location


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Estimating both potential demand and capacity constrained volumes for obtaining the optimal coordination


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Signals should be warrented as per the Agency's signal warrant requirements


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Could result in additional impacts on the work zone


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Provision of gaps and sight distance for the buses to re-enter the traffic stream


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Impact  to local businesses must be considered


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Availability and sustainability of alternate routes for trucks must be considered


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In larger projects more than one person might be needed, while in smaller projects the safety supervisor may have other responsibilities


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Such trainings must be conducted periodically during the project life


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Incentives and awards must be judge in an acceptable, non-partial way


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Such inspections are typically conducted by designated agency staff in cooperation with project staff


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Signals should be warrented as per the agency's signal warrant requirements


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Temporary barrier usagemust be based on length of the work zone project, and volume and speeds in the location


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Requires a majority commuter traffic and/or fluctuating demand on the roadway


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Pavement needs to be prepared for laying rumble strips


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Unreliable frquent alarms may cause the workers to ignore the warning sounds


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Must be used smartly so that motorist will not ignore the lights


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The team members must be assigned specific tasks with specific objectives to achieve overall safety during the project


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Call boxes must be accessible within walking distance from the incident


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Existing TMC is usually used and is staffed by either contract staff and/or agency personnel


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Requires advance approval or authorization from the local agency for the use of the detour route in the event of an incident


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Multi-agency coordinated effort is needed for identifying potential incidents and planning for them


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Similar to dedicated (paid) police enforcement except for the cost


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To effectively provide automated enforcement, a TMC must be present that can centrally coordinate various technologies available to the agency


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With the E911 mandate and increasing use of cell phones this might not be necessary for pinpointing incident locations for 911 dispacters


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Parking areas and turnaround locations are needed for the tow trucks to ensure quick response times


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Photogrammetry might replace Total Station Units as a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative


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Photogrammetry is cost-effective when compared to Total Station Units


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Signs are used to inform road users of the HAR radio frequency in the location


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Extended periods of lane/ramp closures expected


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Improvements to the detour route may be needed to accommodate the diverted traffic including capacity and geometric improvements, signal retiming and coordination, signing and pavement markings parking restrictions, and CMS to provide detour information


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Signage and/or capacity improvements to detour


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Sinage and/or capacity improvements to detour


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May not be feasible where traffic volumes already approach or exceed the capacity of the roadway


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Adequate structural capacity to carry traffic mix (including heavy trucks) is necessary


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Positive separations is typically used to separate and direct traffic


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For high Speed roadways a movable barrier system or other form of positive separation is used


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Where traffic controls can be reconfigured on a night basis


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Most useful if it gives people an alternative to driving along through the work zone-transit, ridesharing, alternate route


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In conjuction with project or agency website


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Construction zone is near major activity centers


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If frequent lane and/or ramp closures expected


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If frequent lane and/or ramp closures are expected


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In conjuction with rideshare programs, HOV lanes, and/ or parking management


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For high speed roadways, a movable barrier system or other form of postive separation is typically used to separate and direct traffic


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When frequent lane closures are anticipated


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Various ramp metering strategies have to be considered


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Impact to local businesses should be considered


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State and/or local ordinances that govern railroad traffic control


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May need to improve intersection geometrics to accomadate additional or relocated lanes


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Appropriate design and geometric concerns related to trucks would need to be addressed


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State and/or local ordinances that govern truck traffic need to be considered


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Implementation of rumble strips must be evaluated on a project-to-project basis


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State and/or local ordinanaces that govern signage must be considered


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Mostly achieved by cooperation and cost sharing with local media


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Newer technologies based on in-vehicle navigation systems and cell phones are replacing HAR usage


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Sometimes difficult to obtain minimum lane widths of roadway and width needed for work


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Can include prerecorded messages and/or real time interactive response information


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Major activity and employement centers exist to be targeted


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The strategy is cheap if only signs are used; but will cost more if required


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Use of detour route has minimal noise and business impacts


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Potential conflicts between width of roadway and width needed for work


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Adequate driver information signs and clearly marked detour routes should be provided


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Complexity of coordinating adjacent work zones


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Accommodate anticipated travel demand by not implementing work zones on parallel highways/complementary routes


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State and/or local ordinances that govern truck traffic access must be considered


# Triggers

Trigger:
Moderate to high percentage of trucks traveling through the work zone


Trigger:
High expectation for delay (mainline, ramps, detours, etc.)


Trigger:
Large amounts of similar origins and destinations


Trigger:
Advanced warning/public information and signage


Trigger:
Necessary to inform road users to traffic laws or regulations


Trigger:
Additional  markings are necessary to guide road usage


Trigger:
Safe turning concerns within the work zone


Trigger:
Turning or merging vehicles are causing unreasonable delays or accident potential in the work zone


Trigger:
Increased traffic volumes and conflicts due to detours


Trigger:
Are enforcement, incident management, and frequency of projects are an issue or necessity for large/complex work zone projects


Trigger:
Major/complex work zone projects where there is a potential for recurring significant incidents


Trigger:
Potential hazards or abrupt changes to road configuration exist


Trigger:
Traffic restrictions need to be minimized


Trigger:
Help is not readily available due to rural/low density highways, poor cell phone coverage, etc.


Trigger:
Detour routes and/or medians or shoulders are available


Trigger:
Detour routes and/or medians or shoulders are not available


Trigger:
Multiple work zone projects are in "influencing zone" of each other


Trigger:
Parking spots can be used as additional travel lanes or restrict parking spots to improve access or speed-up a work zone activity


Trigger:
Limited supply of on-site and off-site parking lots


Trigger:
Transit exists with capacity and frequency


Trigger:
Ridesharing/carpools has the potential or exists to reduce travel volumes


Trigger:
Significant impacts to traffic flow, business, residential, and/or the community


Trigger:
Employment and activity center along corridor and/or alternate routes


Trigger:
High occurrence of bus traffic and stops


Trigger:
Existing sidewalks traverse the work zone


Trigger:
Project with multiple phases/construction stages


Trigger:
Additional capacity is needed or reduction in capacity is anticipated


Trigger:
Paving or traffic volume concerns located at ramps


Trigger:
Construction/work zone activity is immediately adjacent to traffic


Trigger:
High-speed opposing travel lanes are present


Trigger:
There is alternating one-way traffic with a temporary traffic signal


Trigger:
Accelerated construction at the ramps is required


Trigger:
Congestion that can be alleviated by street/intersection improvements


Trigger:
Out-of-Service facility needs to be replaced


